Space research · open-world planning for distributed observatories

Differential Diagnosis for the Sky

When something new flares in the sky, a fleet of satellites has hours to decide who looks, and when. This project teaches them to choose the observations that best tell the possible explanations apart, including the one we have no name for yet.

Film: about 4 minutes, plays itself · best with sound, in landscape

A doctor’s question, asked of the sky

Fast transients fade on timescales from minutes to months: stellar flares, gamma-ray burst afterglows, kilonovae, stars torn apart by black holes. Each fades in its own way, so the right measurement at the right moment tells them apart. Miss the moment and the question closes for good.

OrbitalNet began as a live simulation in which satellites bid for observing work through a Contract Net auction scored on distance and battery. The research replaces that score with the expected information gain over competing explanations, and adds an explicit unknown, h₀, so the planner can recognise something it was never taught.

Expected information gain
How much a measurement is expected to reduce our uncertainty about what the event is.
h₀
An explicit “none of the above” hypothesis, modelled nonparametrically, so new physics is not forced into a known box.
The constellation
Many spacecraft with intermittent links, limited power, and the Earth in the way half the time.

Everything, in one place

Progress

  1. Oct 2026Phase 1 · Existence proofOpen-world EIG on a toy problem with a withheld class. One seed; a preliminary signal only.Done
  2. Oct 2026Phase 2 · One planner, real orbitsAll strategies run on identical events, orbits, budgets and contact schedules for each seed.Done
  3. Oct 2026Phase 3 · Real-data replayArchival events replayed counterfactually. The tuning protocol was written down before any tuning run was seen.In progress

Every number in the paper and the roadmap is generated from files in research/results/. None is typed by hand, and test seeds stay untouched until the pre-registration is committed.